Lapsn Zahur – 2010
Iga wallas yan wanaw ittussann v tskla tamazivt taqbuët nttan d umarg, sin udmawn bäanin , ku yan d tvarast ns s ad isawl xf isyafatn d iskkirn d timsar n ufgan d umadan.
Allas v tskla tamazivt taqburt, zud aæ tiskla n imadann yaänin, issn vd nttan mnnaw n waddadn, v llan umiyn d ddmin d tnqqas d tallasin v kra igat anaw( tin tfrgact, tin izlan, tin iårramn, tin imudarn..).. . Inawn ad n wallas lli av d ilkmn s tvarast tamiwant, ar av mmaln abuvlu n tskla tamazivt d mad tusi v tsga n tvrma tafgnant.
Inawn ad n wallas ttussann v tskliwin timaäalin, macc zäaën imadann s tirra ad zzgrn s yan umaäal asklan yattuyn, tkf asn tirra n tskliwin nnsn ad fln adriz nns v tvrma ad tamaälant.
Tg tullist këëuçn yan wanaw n wallas lli ur tssin tkla tamaälant amr yat tsukt ay ad, ur tufi agayyu ns, d ur tbidd f ixf ns tskr iwtta lli rad stt içli d wanawn ann yaänin n wallas amr v uzån iggåran n tasut tiss ttça d mra (19 siecle) v urubba dar « Keller, Tolstoï, Maupassant, Kipling, Tchékov …», inbdadn n tçuë n tullist gzzuln v tskla tamaälant, skrn as icumac s tbidd, d iwtta lli stt içllin d wanawn yaänin n wallas.
v tskla tamazivt ur ad nbdr tullist këëuçn iv tt ur nzdi d tirra lli igan tizi n tlalit ns v tmazirt nv, tizi lliv ad ttaran imazivn taskla nsn s tutlayt nsn v uzån wiss sin n tasut n simraw( 20) , ig udlis n “pasan id blqasm” « Imaran » yan zv idlisn zwarnin isskan taçuri n tullist ittyaran v tskla tamazivt, iäfr t id ilmma udlis n tullisin “Anzlif “ n Mupmmad Aciban lli igan yan tirmit ikfan yan udmn ibuvlan n tullist tamazivt, äfrn t id ilmma idlisn yaänin yumçn ibridn n tirmit v tçuir n tullist këëuçn, ar ilmma ittbayan udm n tullist tamazivt s tvarast s ttussan v tskla tamaälant, dar imaratn zud Mupmmad Upmmu, Zahur lpcn, Mupmmad Usus, Maysa racida Lmrraqi, Fuaad Azëwal, Brahim Losri, Dawd Garpu d wiyyaä..
Isqsitn mqquënin izziwizn gantn : is tçäaë tullist gzzuln tamazivt ittyaran ad tbidd f ixf ns, tsbidd tirsal nns ? d is sul tlla v uswir n tirmit? d is tzäaë ad tssnapya ixf ns fadd ad nini tskr içuëan ns v tskla tamazivt?
Isqsitn ad rad tn nn naç fadd ad nkf yan usmmaqql f wanaw ad n tçuri, yan usmmaqql içlin s twila ( forme) s ttuskarnt tullisin lli mu nçli tazrawt ad, ig may ad yat twwuri ur irxin, acku:
– Taçuëi n tullist gzzuln tga sul yan wanaw atrar v tskla tamazivt.
– Tadrusi n iäëisn n wanaw ad.
– Tizi ad v nlla, tga sul tizi n tirmit d usska n tçuëi ad.
Macc timukrisin ad ur ad av kkisnt ad nkf yan usmmaqql n ufran f tçuëi n tullist tasklant tamazivt ittyaran; mani tlkm?
Matta tivarasin ad tumç? Mad trna i wallas v tskla nv? Mad tsska..? Ifrdisn n ucpu gis illan?..
Tazrawt ad rad stt ssigzulv f twila n wallas v tullisin ttyaranin, mu çlin idlisn nsnt imzwura da d iffavn.
Idlisn ad gant :
– “Imarayn” n pasan Id Blqasm.
– “Anzlif ” n Mupmmad Aciban.
– “ Izmaz n trgin” n Mupmmad Upmmu.
– “Amussu n umalu” n Zahur lpsn.
– “Ait iqqjdr d uxsay” n Mupmmad Usus.
– “Aozri n tuççumt” n Brahim Losri.
– “Tivëi n tbratt” n Ṣãafi mumn oli.
v tsga yad ur ad nttu ad nbidd f tçuëi n ungal lli mu issav Jurj Lukatc tamalpamit n tburjwazit.
Rad tt nn nagå vd nttat zv tsga tatiknikt n wallas, rad av yaws v uswir ad tadrsi n idlisn n wanaw ad n tskla :
– Tawwargit d imikk n Mupmmad Akunaä.
– Ijjign n tidi n Mupmmad Akunaä.
– Azrg akucam n obdllah Sbri.
– Igäaä n wihran n Lpusayn Buyaoqubi.
Nwats v tzrawt ad, ad nkf yan usmmaqql izwarn n ufran f idlisn d iäëisn nsn, zv yat tsga lli igan tatiknikt n wallas.
Tavarast ad ar av ttawi ad nggr i kra isqqsitn lli ttummal tazrawt ad ad asn tkcm, zud :
Matta titiknikin n wallas s sskan imaran ad tullisin d ungaln nsn ?
Madd usin zv taysi tamazivt? Mad darsn igan atrar, iv nssn isd tullist gzzuln d ungal gan taçuëi tatrart v tskla tamaälant?
Tazrawt ad tsbzzizz fllav ad näfë yat tvarast n uslä ( analyse), rad gis nbidd f kra igat adlis fadd add gis nssfav tavarast nvdd tivarasin n wallas s ttuskarnt tullisin nvdd ungaln, ilmma nkf i imvri yat tvri izwarn içlin s twila taçurant n iäëisn ad, lli igan iäëisn zwarnin isskan taçuëi n tallast gzzuln v tamazivt, slawann akæ v tizi ad lli mu nssav tizi n usski v tskla tamazivt.
Adlis : Imarayn ( 1988)
Iga udlis ad yan v idlisn zwarnin içlin s tzuëi n tullist, iv ur nenni zv willi gisn izwarn . Tazwart –ad ad t isskcamn s tirmit v udvaë ad, vmk ann as d uckant tullissin ns usint didsnt timitar n tirmit.
Ttamt n tullisin ad igan iäëisn n udlis ad, ar ttsutuln f uskti n waddad amttan d usrtan v tizi lli mu nssav “ isgåasn n uqëyan”.
v uswir n twila d usski n tçuëi lliv av ihmman v tzrawt ad, izmijjl gisnt umara “Ḥasan Id Blqasm” mnnawt tvarasin :
– Tattiknikt n wallas taqburt s tirsal s ttussan ( advaë, azmz, timsirin, tamukrist, tassast n tmukrist d ufssay), Tattiknikt ad ttusska srsnt tullist izwarn lli mu issav “akbuë” d tiss snat “ tikki uhu”.
– Asmun gr snat tallasin v tullist tiss këaät lli mu issav “ ddmin n tihiya d umlik” : issimjil gis umara tvarast n wallas n tdmint, lli nn ittaçn “ taddmint n tayri” v tskla tamazivt.
– Tavarast n ukabaë : v tullist tiss kkuçt ” kyyi ad igan tadrfit inu” tucka d v waddad n ttça d mraw n igzman, tga tullist vzzifn isawaln f tvarast n tudrt n uwrik ns. vmk ann d tullist tiss smmust “ tamvëa n wuccn” lli d yuckan v mrawigzman, vmkann d tullist “ açgåav” lli d yuckan v smmus igzman.
– Tattiknikt n umsawal : tullist tiss säist “tamarayt” tusska akæ s tvarast n umsawal, amsawal gr yat trbit isaqqsan amnoaë f manik as ad tettahl amaray ns illan v tbniqt .
Nzäaë ad nzzigzul awal, nini is tga tavarast taklasikit n wallas tavarast bahra nn tafi v tullisin n udlis ad n “pasan id blqasm”, acku tumayin d isntal( thèmes) n tullisin ad isawaln f umuç asrtan v yat tizi sggann n tmazirt nv ittussann s isgåasn n uqëyan, timayin ad ur asnt igi abla zud tavarast ad n wallas.
Adlis : Anzlif ( 1998)
Ismun udlis ad gr tiflwin ns ttça n tullisin. Tavwdft ( observation) izwarn rad ivwdf imvri n tullisin – ad iga tt tutlayt tanaçuët lli s ttyarant, tutlayt issimjiln isiswln sqqiqqnin n taysi tamazivt.
Ar ittggr umara v tullisin ad ns i tmukrisin tinamunin ( social) s tvarast n wallas, ackint d tullisin ad s mnnawt tettiknikin n wallas:
– Tullist izwarn “ oli iænan ” izmijjl gis tavarast taqburt n wallas.
– Tullist tiss snat izmijjl gis tavarast n usddugm ( symbole) , gin gis iwrikn tigguna , ar sawalnt f tmukrisin nsnt v wamun.
– Tullist tiss kraät, yiwi tt id umara “ Mupmmad Aciban” s tvarast n tddmint “ omti tikrkas” , ar tsawal f twwargiwin n yan umpäaë v tdala.
– Tullisin tiss kkuçt d tiss smmust , izmijjl gis umara tattiknikt n umalus amlawal lli isawaln f ulvuv n tullist, issn fllas tuggt n tvmrin.
Tivarasin nvdd titiknikin n wallas v udlis ad mnnawt, nzäaë ad nini is gis tumç tullist tamazivt ittyaran abrid ns s idirn yaänin n wanaw ad n tskla v dar willi radd iäfuë amara ad.
Adlis : Izmaz n trgin ( 2008)
Ismun udlis ad ttamt n tullisin irksn gr mad d yusi zv taddminin d mad igan asnflul.
– Zv wanaw igan ddmin , rad nn nafi taddmint n “ sidi bu ugrtil “ lli ittussann, d tddmint n “ jmioa d ultmas tanafalt” irwasn taddmint “ zriqa d mriqa”.
– Zv wanaw iäfën tavarast n ddmin v ussku n tullist , rad nn nafi tullist n
– “ iswingimn d twwargiwin n uzal”.
– Zv wanaw ittuskarn s tvarast taqburt n tullist, rad tg tullist izwarn “ tunaruz” amdya ( exemple) n wanaw ad anaçuë.
Ar ittgga udlis- ad yat twlkt tasklant ismunn gr sin wanawn n tçuëi : ddmin d tullist igzzuln.
Adlis : Ayt iqqjdr d uxsay (2009)
Açlay s içli udlis ad igat tivarasin n tçuëi s ad isïïa umara “ Mupmmad Usus” tullisin, izäaë ad izmijjl tayssi tamazivt fad ad iggr i tmukrisin n vil ad v usmun amvribi, v tlla tamukrist n tmagit, tadimukratit, zzlä..
May- ad ar ikccm v mad mu nttini “assuçë n tullist tamazivt” zoma ad as nkf açuë ns amaziv, may ad ar av ittnfalal zv uzwl n udlis “ Ayt iqqjdr d uxsay” izdin d yan umiy bahrra ittussan v tskla tamazivt, igat umiy n “ faäma d mupmmad”.
Yusi udlis ad säis d mraw n tullisin, gis kraät tullisin bahra gzzuln, ig wanaw –ad yan wanaw amaynu v tskla tamaälant lli ittussann bahra v tskla n marikan alatini.
Iv nkcm s titiknikin d tvarasin s ttusskant tullisin, rad naf mnnaw tvarasin as ttuskarnt, lli isskcmn taçuëi n tullist tamazivt s yan uswir n tskla d tçuëi lli s d iqqan i tskla tamazivt ad sis tkcm v uzmz ad.
Zv tvarasin ad n wallas, rad nn naf:
– Tatiknikt ilsan tamlsit n taddmint, ttusska sis tullist “ad lalv”, tzzigz tullist ad f tvarast n tddmint “omti tikrkas”.
– Tavarast ismijjln tatiknikt n ddmin v tsga n tzwart d tgira ns, ar tt nçëëa v tullist n “ ivrm n tusut” lli isawaln f iskraf n imzdavn n yan ivëm d ikkan umzruy, ismijjl gis tazwart d tgira n ddmin.
– Tavarast taklasikit s ttussan tullist, ttuskar srs tullisin “ ivirdm”, “ tirra”, ”tanirt”…
– Tavarast n “ tamssætit, ttuskar srs tullist “ayt tiggas”.
Adlis : Aozri n tuççumt ( 2009)
Ismun udlis ad yan d mraw n tullist, mnnawnt idvarn nsnt gr tmazirt d fransa, iwrikn n tullisin -ad ar tn ismmun assugu d ussinf v yan wamun lli v ur ufin izrfan nsn, slawan aæ v tullisin n” aozri n tuççumt” d “ accumur n bzziz” d “ tarrizwannt n ifssi” d “ tawavit”.
v tullist n “ tagrwla n taætbit” ar nn ittgr umar v tmsar ns i tmagit tamazivt lli fln idbab ns, vmk ann d tullist n “mupmmad n marikan” lli isawln f yan umirikan irwl d zv tmazirt ns fad ad ur igaja awin t s imiv n Bitnam, iddr v yat tmazirt n tmizar n Sus aylliv iga zud iwwis, macc rad sul yavul s tmazirt ns, rad nn ikk mnnaw isgåasn, iwrri d s tmazirt yaf tt id tamazirt ur sul tgi xttalli ifl.
Tittiknikin v udlis ad mnnawnt , illa v tullisin mad ittuskarn s tvarast tatrart zud tullisin “ aozri n tuççumt” d “ arzgi”, illa mad ittuskarn s tattiknikt s ttussan tullist , timsar ar ssntint , ilmma äfënt avaras nsnt, smdnt s ufssay.
Tullist vzzifn : adlis “Tivëi n tbratt” ( 1993)
Iga “ããafi mumn oli” yan zv imaran zwarni v tsga n tullist mqquën, iv ur nenni nttat ad izwarn v wanaw- ad, iga udlis “tivri n tabratt” zv idlisn akæ zwarnin v wanaw ad n tallast v tskla tamazivt ittyaran, iv nzru udlis ad ns lli d iffavn v usgåas n 1993 rad t nn naf ar nn ittaç ungal macc timsar d iwrikn d tzdayin nsn ar ttawint udlis -ad ad ikcm v wanaw n tullist bahra vzzifn, ismijjl gis umara tatiknit n wallas n tullist taqbuët, zv tazwart ns ar tigira ns, ar gis zzigznt timsar v uäëf n wallas aklasiki, ar ssntint timsar , zzigznt s tassast , ilmma ar d ttaæint s ufsay v ad ittafi imvëi tumrt d ussunfu n uåns.
Ungaln :
Nzäaë ad nini is iga umara “Mupmmad Akunaä” amara mqquën issëãan taçuëi n ungal v tskla tamazivt, issnti tawwuri ns tungalt s ungal ns izwarn “ tawwargit d imikk” 2002, iäfr t id s “ ijjign n tidi” (2006).
v “ twwargit d imikk” ar isawal ungal f yan wamun amaziv mççin igan adwwar, iggr nn i tmukrisin ns, tamatant, tasrtit, tutlayt, askd ( relegion).. ar gis zzigznt timsarv v yan ubrid yuvvwän, imikk s imikk s ar aqqwlaynt ar kiv lkmnt tassast, ar d ilmma ttgåznt s tgira d ufsay nsnt, zund vmklli nn nttafa v ungal aklasiki.
v ungal ad ns wiss sin “ ijjign n tidi”, inapya d walli izwarn v tvarast n tuska. Wis sin ad, iäfë gis Akunaä yat tavarast zv tvarasin s itussan ungal amaynu (le nouveau romon) dar imnugal imaäaln lli ttaranin “ungal amaynu”, zund Alain Robbe-Grillit, d Nathalie Sarraut, d klaud simon.. v fransa, d Samuel Peckett d James Joyce v Irland…
v ungal “ ijjign n tidi”, ar nn ittaç akunaä s wanaw ad n ungal amynu, ig ungal ad ns yat trmit tamaynut v tskla tamazivt.
v ungal ad, ur ad nn ttafi timsar ar zzigiznt zun d s mklli zzigiznt v ungal aqbur/aklasiki lliv ad ttamçnt timsar yan uäëf ivrrdn , ar aqqwlaynt ar afa n tassast aæint d ilmma s tgira nsnt, ismd ilmma ungal.
Irwas d ungal « ijjign n tidi » kra n tbpirt nvdd tavult ; tavult ibäan f tzunin , kra igat tuzunt s ma s tçli, macc ismuntn yan udvaë, d yan usaru tn isswan , asaru v ungal igat awrik mqquën « Taryalt » lli yumçn ifalan n timsar ar tn ilddi, ar tn issalwa. Mk ann d uzmz n ungal, ur yumç tavarast s ittussan v ungal aklasiki v ad ittmun uzmz d tmsar ar tigira, azmz v ungal « ijjign n tidi » ar ifttu s ndi iwrrid s vil -ad s yan umussu issgrwaln tamyurt lli s imyar imvëi ungal aklasiki.
Azrf akucam:
Issffav t id abdllah Sbri asgåas n 2009 ig zg tçëigin n Tmaynut, s säis n imirn, ittyar s uskkil alatin, d uskkil n tfinav, issnti s usmnid n usalmad Usus.
Azwl n ungal “ Azrf akucam” ar av yakka yan udm f umnru lli f ar ttsutlnt tmsar n ungal; issnti ungal s:“ Ifssi n tmazirt rçant ibuläuçurn, ar tdrdurn..lmxzn yiwi d abrid n lguärun s tmazirt” tsna 7. Ma y ad rad isgrawl tamazirt, bäun middn, ku yan mad nn gis içëa. Mupa lli igan yan ufgan stt yiwin v twuri nns, ikcm d ubrid n lguäëun s igr nns, rad as ssukfn tayniwt lli as d fln lajdud nns, tayniwt da yusin tawja nns. Imrara fllas s tvssa nns d iman nns, macc ssukfn tt sul. ur dars tgi tayniwt vas talli as yakkan mad ictta, tga dars asduggm n tmagit nns, n tudrt nns, d amzruy nns, ar sis isawal Mupa lliv tt säën, iäë dis , zund iv ar isawal s ufgan ilan anlli nns: “.. mnck n tarwa ad turut, tusit takatin, tssmvurt irgazn d tutmin, fkan km imkkusa i wiyaä ..tgit aæ ingi nnsn tasuts tayyaä. Tktit azwu d ijawwand tmjiwwin lli ikkan tamazirt, awd yan gisn ur izäaë ad km ismass..” tasna 19.Tigira awin Mupa s Rbaï, nvin t sul v uvzu, mklli nvan amddakæl nns n ubniq Idir arifi.
Ungal ad n Sbri iggr nn i tmagit, iggr nn i izrfan n ufgan, Mupa igllin ar ka isiggil s izrfan nns siv as gan aåri, ar isawl ufgan f isnfaln lli d izzan s wamun amaziv isgrawl tudrt yawi dis tmagit , awd amvar n tmazirt tnvuba as tmuvra lli adlli ibiddn f inflas.
Igäaä n wihran (2009):
Issfav t id uslmad “Lpusayn Buyaoqubi”, iga yan wanaw n ungaln da nn iggrn i usntl n uzwag d tmukrisin nns v mazirt n franãa. Awrik iga yan unlmad izugn s fransa ad ismd tivri nns, lliv d yavul s tmazirt nns ad s tt inn ikk, yafi d tamukrist n tmagit, tamdint lliv d illul ar tsawal s yan ils yaänin ur igin win nns lli adlli gis ifl.
Awrik mqquën “ Idir” iga asæti n ungal xf ad tsutulnt tmsar. Timsar v ungal ar zzigznt v yan uäëf azmzan yuggän, s yat tatiknikt ismunn gr allas d umsawal (dialogue), macc azmz ad n ungal ar t irçça umara s tattiknikt n flac bak.
d yat tattiknikt ar tt issmras umara v ungal ad nns tzdi d wallas, ar gis yakka umara i iwrikn ad sawaln f ixfawn nnsn.
Rad ig ungal “ Igäaä n wihran” ungal amzwaru lli rad içli s uzwag v tskla tamazivt v Sus.
G tgira, rad nin : Mqqaë tdrus tizi da yut ungal amaziv v ubrid ns lli ur igin yat v umddur n mad t irwasn v tskliwin timaälanin, izäaë ad ibidd f iäaëën ns, iskr içuëan ns, iml ixf ns is ur t napya d ungal v tskliwin yaän lli av izwarn v wanaw ad n tskla.
